A plot below the phase diagram, vertical lines to g and i are drawn. l To construct the tie line gi using the equilibrium y. Hence, the mass fraction of C is designated as y. l The raffinate composition is designated by x and the extract by y. l A tie line gi is shown connecting the water-rich layer i, called the raffinate layer, and the ether-rich solvent layer g, called the extract layer. 5 -3 is inside the envelope and the one-phase region outside. The concentration of component B is obtained by difference from Eq. l The concentration of component C is plotted on the vertical axis and that of A on the horizontal axis. l The solvent pair B and C are partially miscible. 5 -3 for the system acetic acid (A)– water (B)–isopropyl ether solvent (C). Equilibrium data on rectangular coordinates l Since triangular diagrams have some disadvantages due to the special coordinates, a more useful method of plotting the three-component data is to use rectangular coordinates.
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